The River basin of Tapti River is the vast fertile patch of land in central India. The river and its tributaries make up the Tapti River basin. The river basin encompasses an area of 65,145 km², which is nearly two percent of the total area of India. The basin lies in the Indian states of Maharashtra (around 51,504 km²), Madhya Pradesh (around 9,804 km²) and Gujarat (around 3,837 km²).

The basin mostly lie in the northern and eastern districts Maharashtra state, including places like Amravati, Dhule, Akola, Washim, Buldhana, Nandurbar, Jalgaon and Nashik districts. However, the Betul and Burhanpur districts of Madhya Pradesh and the Surat district of Gujarat are the prime districts included in the Tapti River basin.

The tributaries of Tapti River form a quality basin area that brings a vast geological change thus making it a highly fertile land. The principal tributaries of the Tapti River are the Purna River, Girna River, Panzara River, Waghur River, Bori River and Aner River. Other tributaries include Shiva River in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra State, Vaki River and Gomai River in Nandurbar, Burai River, Arunavati River, Kaan River and Panzara River in Dhule district of Maharashtra state. There are many more tributaries like the Bori River, Aner River, Girna River and Titur River Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra state. The Mausam River flows in Malegaon, while the Waghur River flows in Jalgaon, Aurangabad. The Purna River is a major tributary in this region, flowig in districts of Amravati, Akola, Buldhana and Jalgaon in Madhya Pradesh, it joins Tapti River at Changdev in Jalgaon.

The Nalganga River, Vishwaganga River, Nipani River, Mann River, Mas River are the tributaries that flow in the district of Buldhana. The Utawali River, Vishwamitri River, Nirguna River, Gandhari River and Aas River flow in Akola district. The Vaan River flows in Buldhana, Akola, Amravati districts of the Maharashtra state. The Morna River, Shahanur River, Bhavkhuri River, Katepurna River, Umaa River, Pendhi River in Akola, Amravati, Chandrabhaga River are some more prominent rivers in the Tapti River Basin.

The Tapti River Basin has some more important rivers used for irrigation purposes like the Bhuleswari Rive, Aarna River, Gadga Rive, Sipna River, Khapra Rive, Khandu River, Tigriy Rive, Surkhi Rive, Burshi River, Ganjal River and Nesu River.