Nilgiri Wood Pigeon is an Indian bird found in the Nilgiri Mountain Range that bears a scientific name "Columba elphinstonii" is large pigeon found in the moist deciduous forests and sholas of the Western Ghats Mountain Range in south-western India.

Forage of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Nilgiri wood pigeons are mainly frugivorous and forage in the canopy of dense hill forests. They are best identified in the field by their large size, dark colours and the distinctive checkerboard pattern on their nape.

Structure of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Nilgiri Wood Pigeon appears dark grey and a black and white patterned patch made of white tipped stiff feathers on the back of the neck is distinctive. The mantle is chestnut. The male has a paler grey crown while the female has a darker grey crown with a pale throat. The most confusable of other species is the mountain imperial pigeon but that species has paler under wing coverts. The feet and the base of the bill are red.

Concentration of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Nilgiri Wood Pigeon is mainly found along the Western Ghats Mountain Range in India and in the Nilgiri Hills Range. Although found mainly in the hills, it is sometimes seen at lower elevations within the Western Ghats. A few relict populations survive on the high elevation hills of the peninsula such as the Biligiriranga Hills, Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka and Nandi Hill, Karnataka near Bengaluru.

Behaviour of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Nilgiri Wood Pigeons are usually seen singly, in pairs or in small groups, feeding almost entirely in the trees but sometimes descending to the ground to forage on fallen fruits. Although feeding mainly on fruits they have been recorded taking small snails and other invertebrates.

Breeding Season of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
The breeding season of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon is March to July during which time they make a flimsy platform of twigs and lay a single white egg which is usually visible from below the nest.

Feeding of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Nilgiri Wood Pigeon feeds on large fruits and may play an important role in dispersal of the seeds of many forest trees. Fruits of the family Lauraceae are particularly favoured and most of their food is gathered by gleaning on the outer twigs of the middle and upper canopy. They have been recorded ingesting soil that may provide mineral nutrients or aid digestion. They often make movements within the forest according to the fruiting seasons of their favourite trees.

Sounds of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
The call of Nilgiri Wood Pigeon is a loud langur-like low-frequency hooting "who" followed by a series of deep "who-who-who" notes.