Sir John Peter Grant served as the Lieutenant Governor of the province of Bengal from the year 1859 to 1862. He was one of the most prominent Colonial administrators of the British East India Company. Grant was appointed in the position on in 1859. He was preceded by Sir Frederick James Halliday, who acted as the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal Presidency from 1854 to 1859.

The Presidency of Bengal was one of the 3 major Presidencies in British India, along with Bombay Presidency and Madras Presidency. It was initially comprised of east and west Bengal. The region was a colonial region of the British Empire in India. The territory included the areas of undivided Bengal like Tripura, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Orissa, Assam, Bihar and present Bangladesh. The Bengal Presidency proper was established with the signing of the treaties of 1765 between the then Mughal Emperor, the Nawab of Oudh and the authorities of the British East India Company. As a consequence of this, the areas of Bihar, Orissa, Meghalaya and Bengal were located under the administrative authority of the British East India Company.

Bengal Presidency, unlike the British Presidencies of Madras and Bombay, incorporated the British territories that were situated towards the north of the Central Provinces (now Madhya Pradesh), from the openings of the river Brahmaputra and the Ganges River. It also included the regions of British Punjab and the Himalayas as well. Sir John Peter Grant served in office till 1862 and was succeeded by Sir Cecil Beadon who held the designation till the year 1866.

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