Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee was one of the celebrated Indian revolutionaries, independence activist and a member of Rajya Sabha. He was also a member of the revolutionary group Anushilan Samiti that was located in Bengal. Anushilan Samiti, meaning self culture association, was a secret anti-British armed revolutionary organisation in Bengal. The members of the association were dedicated towards the goal of attaining freedom from British dominion through armed revolution. Chatterjee was also among the one of the founder members of Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). It was founded by Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad and others. It was a revolutionary group that worked rather intensely from the year 1928 to 1931 in the Indian subcontinent in order to displace the British rule from the nation through the means of armed revolution. He actively participated in several revolutionary activities and significantly contributed to the Indian freedom struggle against the rule of the British Empire in India. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee was arrested a number of times by the British Indian police and was tried in the Kakori conspiracy case in the year 1926. He was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for a period of 10 years.

In the year 1937, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee became a member of the Congress Socialist Party; however he left the party within a short period and established a new party named Revolutionary Socialist Party in the year 1940. He remained the General Secretary of the Revolutionary Socialist Party from 1940 to 1953. Jogesh Chandra was also the Vice President of All India United Trades Union Congress, which was the Trade Union wing of RSP, from the year 1949 to 1953. He also acted as the Vice President of United Socialist Organisation for the year 1949.

After the nation achieved independence from the supremacy of the British Government of India on 15th August 1947, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee went back to the Congress and eventually became a member of the Rajya Sabha from the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in the year 1956. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha till the year 1969 when he died.