Home > Indian History > History of India > Idangai Uprising
Idangai Uprising
Idangai Uprising was the revolt of the Idangai and Valangai groups who suffered from the oppression of the local Vijayanagar governor, the military people and the holders of official tenure and the Brahmins and Vellalas.

Share this Article:

Kollidam RiverIdangai Uprising was the revolt of the Valangai and Idangai communities against the Brahmin and Vellala landlords and also the South Indian government. The Brahmins, with the help of the officers of the crown and the Vanniyas, wrought untold injustice on the people of ninety-six castes of the Idangai group, i.e., castes who were engaged in agriculture by contributing their labour. Thus, the outcome of all these was the uprising. In a mass meeting of the ninety-six castes it was decided that they would not pay any taxes levied on them by the Sabha and the King`s officers.

Cause of Idangai Uprising
It is known from inscriptions dating to the Vijayanagara period that the system of Valudilampattu-Uchavadi was followed by the Idangai and Valangai communities for the purpose of paying taxes to the government. Since the commencement of Kannadiga rule (of the Vijayanagar dynasty), their territory became the possession of the Jivitakkarar and they were unjustly taxed and the land unjustly leased. It was resolved that in that Nadu land such as Iraiyilipparpi (tax-free land), Pandaravadai and Jivitapparru should not be given as Adaippu-Nibatti Kuttagai or Servai. The rates and the way in which the taxes should be paid were also stipulated. The Idangai and Valangai groups decided not to submit to the oppression and resolved to defend the rights they had been enjoying. Thus the main cause for the uprising was unjust tax collection by government officers and official tenure holders, secondly, misappropriation of the Kani land by the same people, and finally, coercion of the Uravar by officials to cultivate the latter`s land.

Composition of Valangai and Idangai groups
The Valangai and Idangai groups comprised cultivators, artisans, merchants, etc. and it has also been clarified that these Jatis usually belonged to the lower section of the caste hierarchy. Brahmins seem to have stood aloof from these divisions in most cases, though the position of Vellalas seems to have been vaguer. There is some possibility of the lower section of the Vellala community being included among them. The names of jatis or professional groups known from the Korukkai and Tiruvaigavur inscriptions as probably being included in the Valangai and Idangai groups are as follow:

Settigal (merchants); Kaikkolar (weavers); Senaikkadaiyar (merchants); Saligar (weavers); Niyayattar (weavers); Seniya (weavers); Manradi/Idaiturai (herders); Koyilangadigal (merchants); Stvanpadavar (merchants); Vaniyar (merchants); Sekku-vaniyar (oil merchants); Kanmalar: Kollan (blacksmiths), Tachchan (carpenters), Tattan (goldsmiths); Vannattar (kannakkan); Kusavan (potters); Navitan (barbers); Vannan (washermen); Kavalkaran (watchmen); Kavvinai-Paraiyar (craftsmen); Sarvakkarar (soldiers) and Ilampunjai (toddy tappers).

From the above, therefore, we may say that the Valangai and Idangai groups mostly belong to the lower sections of the caste hierarchy except the Sekku-Vaniyar and can be defined socio-economically as the direct producers of agricultural and other products and the people who provided services to others.

The cultivators, artisans and others who organized themselves into the Valangai and Idangai groups rose in an open revolt in the Valudilampattu area which comprised parts of the present South Arcot and Tiruchirapalli District. Within a year, this revolt had spread to the adjacent areas between the Kollidam River and Kaveri River and developed into a movement aimed at a tangible goal, namely, the settlement of taxes in their favour, involving people of the upper sections of society also.

Though it seems that the condition of the people did not improve as a result of this revolt and its subsequent development into a wider movement, nevertheless we do not hear of any more incidents of this type after the Kugaiyur inscriptions in 1482. The movement seems to have subsided with the establishment of Nayaka rule in these regions.


Share this Article:

Subscribe to Newsletter
Learn unknown facts about India from a curated list of informative articles.

Related Articles

More Articles in History of India

History of Indian Drama
History of Indian Drama is rich with Vedas and Indian epics and has gradually changed with time and remains unaffected by any foreign influence.
History of Khajuraho Temple
Located in the Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh, Khajuraho is country’s most magnificent groups of temples.
History of Ayurveda
History of Ayurveda dates back to 5,000 years old and is widely considered to be the oldest form of health care in the world.
History of Uttar Pradesh
The state was the heart of Mahabharata war and the history of Uttar Pradesh is very much the history of India. The place finds its mentions in Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.
History of Indian Photography
An overview of the development of photography, through the various stages in India.
History of Delhi
History of Delhi began with the advent of Indian regal dynasties. Delhi witnessed the rise and fall of Hindu dynasties, Muslims and the British as well.
History of Indian Radio
History of Indian Radio dates back to late 1930s with the first establishment of All India Radio in 1936 that improved further after independence.
History of Punjab
History of Punjab dates back to the 16th century; however its formation is traced in the great epic Mahabharata.
History Of Archaeology In India
History of archaeology in India contributes a lot to define the past history and the social life of India.
History of Maharashtra
Maharashtra, the land of charismatic Marathas, unfolds the legend of diverse culture and tradition, keeping in pace with the modernity. The gallant history of Maharashtra is still echoed amidst its historical relics and archeological wonders.
History of Kerala
History of Kerala can be interpreted from the inscriptions of Ashoka, Mauryan Emperor. History of Kerala is as interesting as its wide-ranging geographical features that make the land a place of versatile appeal.
History of Bihar
History of Bihar goes back to the very dawn of the human civilizations. Many eminent personalities and leaders from Bihar contributed for India’s freedom struggle.
History of Assam
In the ancient Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, Assam was known as `Kamarupa` or `Pragjyotish`. In the Mahabharata, the Puranas, the Tantras there are references of Assam as Kamrupa kingdom.
History of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
History of Andaman and Nicobar Islands dates back to the settlement of the East India Company in the territory of the Islands.
History of West Bengal
History of West Bengal is rooted in richness and is an important episode in the history of India. The history of Bengal played an important role in shaping the history of India.
History of Jharkhand
One of the fairly newer states, Jharkhand was carved out of the southern portion of Bihar in 2000. The history of Jharkhand is seeped with a variety of cultural significances starting from the Vedic era to Mughal period and finally the British administration.
History of Sikkim
History of Sikkim declares the pre historic culture and the colonial era hilly politics and the rules of Sikkim.
History of Nagaland
The history of Nagaland mainly revolves around and deals with the customs and economic activities of the Naga Tribes and how the state has evolved since the Indian Independence.
History of Mizoram
History of Mizoram includes the various historical events and incidents which occurred during the various ages, right from before the age of the Mughals.
History of Jammu & Kashmir
History of Jammu and Kashmir involves a series of political and geographical transformations from every ancient era to the modern times also. Even now, Jammu and Kashmir has its political tension between Pakistan and India.
History of Puducherry
Puducherry was invaded by different invaders in different times. The invaders include Pallava Kingdom of Kanchipuram, dynasties of the South, Cholas of Thanjavur, Pandyas and Muslim invaders.
History of Chandigarh
In 1947, the British India was partitioned into India and Pakistan. Punjab was also included in this partition. So, there was a need for a new capital for Punjab, as the old capital Lahore became part of Pakistan during the partition. So, in 1948, under the leadership of chief architect Mr. P.L. Verma the construction of Chandigarh city began.
History of Daman and Diu
During the early stage, i.e. from 8th to 13th century, Daman and Diu was part of Goa.
History of Lakshadweep
History of Lakshadweep defines the first settlement on these islands under the Union Territory of India that was ruled by Cheraman Perumal, who was the last king of Kerala.
History of Karnataka
History of Karnataka comprised of the different rulers of different dynasties of various religions like Hindus, Buddhists, and later the Muslims.
History of Goa
History of Goa dates back to the 3rd century BC and reflects the rule of the mighty rulers and gained its independence under Jawaharlal Nehru.
History of Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh possesses a rich historical heritage of culture of the ancient tribes. Being a bordering state of India, Arunachal Pradesh also has a history of military unrest since ancient Indian age.
History of Andhra Pradesh
History of Andhra Pradesh traces its origin back to the 5th century BC. According to the inscriptions, Kuberaka, the oldest Kingdom in South India had an empire in the coastal Andhra during that period.
History of Himachal Pradesh
History of Himachal Pradesh narrates about the various settlements and dynasties that emerged in the region over time.
History of Uttarakhand
History of Uttarakhand finds mention in the early Hindu scriptures as Kedarkhand, Manaskhand and Himavat. Uttarakhand is called as the Land of the Gods (Dev Bhoomi) because of its various holy places and shrines.
History of Rajasthan
The history of Rajasthan is dotted with tales of valor, chivalry, camaraderie and romance.
History of Tamil Nadu
History of Tamil Nadu reveals that this ancient place in South India was ruled by various kingdoms like the Pandyas Dynasty, Cholas Dynasty, Nayakas Dynasty and Pallavas Dynasty.
History of Haryana
History of Haryana depicts various events and influences that have cast a profound effect on the culture and people of the district. The place gained statehood on 1st of November 1966
History of Odisha
History of Odisha goes back a rather long way. Most of the history of the state is replete with the dynastic as well as tribal struggle for territorial superiority. Odisha is a place where one can find the religion, culture and history flow in away that lead to cultural amalgamation of early India.
History of Manipur
History of Manipur can be traced back to the prehistoric ages and this was followed by a number of rulers who reigned the land from age to age till it came under British rule and later joined the union of India.
History of Gujarat
History of Gujarat can be dated back to the 14th century that later witnessed the supremacy of many powerful dynasties.
History of Tripura
History of Tripura is dealing with the early mythological history and the history of British rule in North eastern part of India.
History of Meghalaya
The history of Meghalaya predominantly comprises of the three tribes of the state- Garo, Khasi and Jaintia tribes. Later on Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of Assam.
History of Chhattisgarh
History of Chhattisgarh dates back to the era of epics and traces through the reign of powerful dynasties in India like Marathas. The area developed a rich cultural heritage during British era.