Hemchandra Kanungo was a well known Indian freedom fighter who fought against the British Government of India in order to attain independence. He was perhaps the first Indian revolutionary who went abroad to acquire political and military training. Kanungo received training from the Russian ‚migr‚s, who settled in Paris. Later in January 1908, he went back to India. Hemchandra Kanungo established a covert factory for manufacture of bombs and other fire-arms named Anushilani Samiti or Anusilonee Somitee. The factory was located at Maniktala, Calcutta (now Kolkata). The founder members included Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Aurobindo Ghose and Hemchandra Kanungo.

The secret bomb factory was eventually discovered by the British Indian police. Two renowned Bengali revolutionaries, namely Kshudiram Bose of Midnapore and Prafulla Chaki of Rangpur, were sent to assassinate Kingsford, who was the Magistrate of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Kingsford was the Chief the Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta previously and was highly detested for passing severe sentences on young political workers of Bengal. He was also unpopular for inflicting corporal punishments on the workers. But the revolutionaries accidentally bombed a wrong target. Shaheed Prafulla Chaki commited suicide before the British Indian Police detain him alive but Shaheed Kshudiram Bose failed commit suicide in time and the Police arrested him. As a result of this incident, the covert bomb factory established by Hemchandra Kanungo was raided by the British Police and shut down. Almost all of the members were arrested in a short period of time.

Hemchandra Kanungo had become an atheist during his stay abroad and returned with Marxian inclination. He assumed that the spiritual and religious symbols that were being utilised by various revolutionary groups in Bengal during the initial decades of the 20th century, kept the Muslim populace away from the revolutionary activities of the Indian freedom struggle and independence movement.

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