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Festivals of Kharia Tribe
Festivals of Kharia Tribe are performed on communal, family and individual levels to bring in contentment, delight, health and prosperity to the community.

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Festivals of Kharia TribeFestivals of Kharia Tribe range from those performed on communal level to lineage, family and individual levels and are closely associated with their daily life. Besides, many conventional festivals too are feted. These tribal groups practise several sacred performances believed to shower health and happiness to their community. The Kharia Tribe, majorly concentrating in Jharkhand and also in Odisha and West Bengal, are a part of the "Proto-Austroloid" family group. Some of the major festivals of the Kharia Tribe are described below:

Jankor Festival of Kharia Tribe
Jankor, one of the important festivals of the Kharia, is celebrated in the Hindi month of Phalguna. In the festival, a chief along with some boys go around the village to collect fowls and vegetables for the puja. The priest offers worship to a sacred stone that represents the deity. The festival is chiefly celebrated to receive the blessings of the deity for high agricultural production.

Dimtang Sung Festival of Kharia Tribe
Dimtang Sung is the purification of cattle shed, performed in the Hindi month of Baisakh. The festival is also known as "Baisakhi Puja". The head of the family or the clan act as the sacred specialists. Images of cow, ox and dog are drawn for the occasion and later worshipped. The festival is celebrated to honour the services provided by the cattle owned by the Kharia.

Ba-Bidn-Bidn Puja of Kharia Tribe
Ba-Bidn-Bidn Puja is the sowing festival celebrated at both communal as well as individual levels in the Hindi month of Jyestha. The paddy is sowed on a day fixed by Kalo in the Pahanai land. The yield is later utilized for communal purpose for the preparation of rice beer or for the use of this rice during sacred performances. On the main day, the Kalo observes a fast, sacrifices five fowls of different colours in the name of the Khunt and Pat. The ancestral spirits are appeased by offering them Golang. The festival is marked by a grand feast. This festival is also associated with the forest life of the Kharias.

Asadhi Puja of Kharia Tribe
Asadhi puja, celebrated in the Hindi month of Asadh, is a special ritual of the Kharia, especially Deonras i.e. Diviner and medicine man. It is one of the first fruit eating festivals. After the performance of the puja, the people are allowed to eat black berries and Rugara.

Dhela Puja of Kharia Tribe
The Dhela puja is not a communal worship. It is only celebrated when the land acquired by the villagers are possessed by some spirit. The concerned person then performs the ritual offering requisite sacrifice. The period of performance is not fixed but usually it is organised before transplantation in the field concerned. The Kalo is usually appointed for the puja. Fowls are selected for sacrificial purpose. A white fowl is offered for sacrifice to "Churil" while red to the "Khunt Pat" spirit. It is believed that the family might get harmed if the owner does not perform this Puja by giving requisite sacrifices.

Ronal Festival of Kharia Tribe
Ronal also called "Bangari" is a transplantation festival celebrated on communal and family levels. The Kalo performs the sacred ritual first in the Pahnai land, and later it is followed by other villagers in their respective land. This festival is generally performed in the month of Sawan when seedlings get matured.

Kadleta Festival of Kharia Tribe
The Kadleta festival is observed among the Kharias in the Hindi month of Ashin. The celebration of the festival relates to the work in the muddy field. After the completion of transplantation, the upland paddy crop is harvested. The Kharias are then free from their hard work and have something new to eat.

Nyo-dem Festival of Kharia Tribe
Nyo-dem festival, celebrated in the Hindi month of Ashin, is an important festival of the Kharia marked by the consuming of food and drinks. On this occasion rice-beer and cakes are specially prepared from newly harvested paddy. Every village fixes a particular day to celebrate this ceremony.

Bandai Festival of Kharia Tribe
Bandai puja is celebrated by all the Kharia to appease the "Goria Darha", a spirit that guards the cattle. It is believed that if the spirit is not satisfied, it might send epidemics among the cattle. Thus, every family who domesticate cattle, perform this puja. The Kharia generally performs two Bandai Puja; one for buffaloes and the other for cows and bullocks. On the first moon day of the Hindi month Kartik, the propitiation of spirit for the former is performed while for the later it is performed on the full moon day of Kartik.

Dohor Puja of Kharia Tribe
Dohor Puja is celebrated during the month of Aghan, when paddy crop is ready in the field. The festival is celebrated to appease the "Dohor" spirit. It is believed that if the Dohor spirit is not appeased, their family members suffer from several ailments. Dohor Puja is performed by the Kalo in the Dohor land. The puja incorporates the sacrifice of five fowls in the name of different deities and spirits.

Tolo Puja of Kharia Tribe
Tolo Puja, also known as Kharra Puja is the harvest festival that is performed by a Kalo at the community level. It is later followed by the villagers on individual level. The festival is celebrated when paddy crop is ready in the thrashing floor.

Paisari Puja of Kharia Tribe
Paisari Puja is performed to appease evil spirits to prevent them from causing any harm to the community. Some of the identified spirits are Chitta, responsible for stomach disorder and pain, Ghardeota, a household deity and Khunt-pat. The occasions on which this puja IS performed are Kanbedhi (ear boring), marriage, Tiljang or Kamawan (final purification in death rites) and Pushyatra Mela.

Baranda Puja of Kharia Tribe
Baranda Puja is performed by the Kharia at the clan level in the presence of all the clan members. The spirit worshipped on this occasion is the "Bhaiyad Bhut" or clan spirit symbolized by a sculptured wooden post. The ritual, observed in the month of Baisakh, is usually celebrated by a family when a Baranda spirit gets infuriated.

Khunti Puja of Kharia Tribe
Khunti Puja is performed to gratify the lineage spirits. The puja also termed as "Khunti-Bati Puja" is performed when a Khunt spirit becomes enraged with a particular family. Though, the puja is performed on lineage basis, the affected family bear the expenses. On the appointed day all the lineage members of the village assemble in Bari, a kitchen garden where this puja is performed by a Dehri, an old man of that lineage.


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