The Bengal Regiment referred to a number of infantry regiments that were developed for the British Indian Army. The infantry regiments were primarily incorporated as apart of the Bengal Army, which was the armed force of Bengal Presidency and one of the 3 major Presidency Armies in British India. It was initially founded by the British East India Company. But after the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the Bengal Regiment was merged with the unified British Indian Army in the year 1903. This regiment primarily comprised of recruits from the province of Bengal in British India. After the Indian independence from the rule of the British Empire in India and the Partition of India, the infantry regiments were carried over into the Indian Army, the Bangladesh Army and the Pakistan Army.

During the backwash of the Great Revolt of 1857, almost all of the regiments in the Bengal Army were taken apart by the British administration. The regiments were dismantled as the Sepoy Mutiny was considered to have commenced due to hostility and isolation among the Sowars and Sepoys of the Bengal Army. Mangal Pandey, one of the chief mutineers, was a sepoy in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry of the British East India Company. Pandey began the Sepoy Mutiny by attacking Lieutenant Baugh at Barrackpore on 19 March 1857.

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