Introduction

Indian administration has a rich history, originating from ancient governance frameworks like the Mauryan and Gupta empires, which emphasized centralized authority. It evolved through various phases, including Mughal rule and British colonial administration, which introduced civil services and modern legal systems. Post-independence, the framework was restructured to align with democratic principles outlined in the Constitution of India. Today, it serves as a vital instrument for implementing laws, maintaining order, and delivering public services. Its social significance lies in promoting equity, justice, and welfare, ensuring that government policies reach all sections of society, thereby fostering national development and cohesion.

Indian Administrative System in Ancient Period

Indian Administrative System in Ancient Period was an extremely well-organised one. Ancient Indian political system goes back to about five thousand years or more. The earliest reference can be traced to the Indus Valley civilization.

Indian Rulers

Indian rulers have stayed legendary for their substantial ruling periods, strategies and metamorphosing with passing. Indian ancient history provides facts to their readers about the very first traces of civilisation.

Administration of The Satavahanas

Monarchal system of administration prevailed during the reign of the Satavahanas. For nearly four hundred years the Satavahanas ruled the Andhra desha, which indeed included the Deccan.

Administration of Mauryan Dynasty

Administration of Mauryan dynasty was confidently branched into central and provincial governments, ensuring hassle-free governance. This period witnessed a smooth run of administration and competent reign of rulers.

Administration of Gupta Empire

Administration under the Gupta Empire was carried out in a systematic way. The pattern of administration was based on hierarchy from top to bottom. The king was the supreme head of the state.

Administration of the Rashtrakuta Empire

Literary records state that Rashtrakutas elected the crown prince based on inheritance. A Mahasamantha was a high-ranking noble officer. Every cabinet minister was affluent in politics. 

Administration of Chalukya Empire

Administration of the Chalukyas was very efficient. King was the highest officer of the state. The chief queen of the king was called 'Tattamahish'. The prince was appointed on the post of Yuvaraja.

Administration of Chola Dynasty

Administration of Chola Dynasty was unique as the whole of South India was brought under a single government. The king was a benevolent dictator and the supreme commander. He issued oral commands to responsible officers.

Administration of Chandella Dynasty

King occupied the highest position and had enormous power during the Chandellas administration. When a king died without having a son, his brother was appointed as the king.

Administration of the Pratihara Empire

Administration of Pratihara Empire is mainly feudatory. The king occupied the highest position in the administration system of the Pratiharas and the villagers were locally administered by the village heads.

Administration of Harshavardhan

Harshavardhan’s administration was based on the traditional administrative system. The king was autocrat and absolutely enjoyed the supreme position in the state. Several ministers assisted the king.

Administration of Pala Dynasty

Administration of the Pala dynasty was very advanced. They managed from the village level to the royal family. The dynasty ruled for about four hundred years.

Military Administration under Sikhs

Military Administration under Sikhs was controlled by a finance minister as it had expanded considerably. The finance minister was appointed in the army organisation to make sure that all the troops paid right.

Military Administration of Maharaja Ranjit Singh

Military Administration of Maharaja Ranjit Singh included two divisions of army, the regular and the irregular ones. Both the regular as well as the irregular forces had various troops in them.

Military Administration of Ala-ud-din-Khilji

Military Administration of Ala-ud-din-Khilji was one of his chief achievements. He kept a permanent standing army at his capital. The army of Ala -ud -din Khilji was recruited, equipped, trained and paid by the centre.

Maratha Administration under the Peshwa

Maratha Administration under the Peshwa represented the separation of power and efficiency in administration. The efficient administration of the Marathas in the 18th and 19th centuries was a combination of the Hindu and the Mohammedan institutions.

Administration of Shivaji

Administration of Shivaji witnessed efficient leadership. Shivaji proved himself as a born-leader, a capable soldier, a successful commander and an proficient administrator.

Administration of Tipu Sultan

Administration of Tipu Sultan was the reflection of his brilliant administrative knowledge that enabled him to reign the state. Tipu Sultan is known for his economic, religious, military and foreign policies.

Administration under Sher Shah Suri

Administration under Sher Shah Suri is regarded as one of the best during the medieval period. It constituted of an effective working of the central and provincial administration.

Administration of Delhi Sultanate

Administration of the Delhi Sultanate was based on the following of the laws of the Shariat or the laws of Islam. According to the Islam, Shariat is above everybody and every law and even the Imam or the Khalifa is under it.

Administration of British Empire

British Empire had redefined its territorial and administrational periphery during its rule in the then India. Administration of British Empire begun during the reign of East India Company.

Indian Governor- Generals

Indian Governor-Generals were appointed as the head of the British administration in India. These offices were initially supervised by the East India Company and later with the transfer of powers this office was administered by the British Raj.

Administrative Reforms of Dalhousie

Administrative Reforms of Lord Dalhousie included changes in a number of fields like communication, education. But most of the administrative reforms he had introduced were in the interest of the English.

Government of India

Government of India is the union government formed by the Constitution of India. This legislative, executive and judicial authority is led by the President and operates from the capital of India, New Delhi.

Divisions in Indian Administration

Divisions in Indian Administration are the three organs of governance into which the Indian administrative system is divided. These are the executive, legislature and the judiciary.

Central Secretariat

The Central Secretariat is a conglomeration of offices, ministries and departments under the Central Government of India. Central Secretariat functions to increase coordination at the central level.

District Administration in India

District administration in India refers to the governance at the level of various districts in a state. It can be divided into governance at revenue division/ sub-division level, tahsil level, pargana level and village level.

Regional Administration in India

Regional administration in India is the administration by a local body, below the state level administration, but above the district level administration. 

Constitutional Bodies in India

Constitutional bodies in India are administrative units, which have been created by the Constitution of India. Some of these constitutional bodies are Election Commission of India, Finance Commission and Union Public Service Commission.

Indian Government Departments

Indian Government Departments are administrative bodies, working for their respective ministries and consist of thousands of employees. They have been set up to look after the welfare of the Indian citizens.

State Secretariats in India

State secretariats in India help and advise the ministers in the task of administrating the state and are responsible for the effective functioning of the departments under their charge.

Indian Ministries

Indian Ministries are vital parts of the Central Government. They assist the ministers in dealing with the subjects which have been allotted to them, by means of providing information and also help them in policy formulation and implementation.

Presidents of India

Presidents of India are the esteemed individuals who improved the nation and developed the state of Armed Forces. From Dr. Rajendra Prasad to Droupadi Murmu, every President of India has played a crucial role in the country`s democratic system.

Indian Prime Ministers

Indian Prime Ministers hold a unique position and is most powerful functionary of the Indian union. It is the Prime Minister who oversees the day-to-day functioning of the Government of India.

Chief Ministers in India

Chief Minister in India is a central figure in state governance, responsible for policy implementation. Eligibility includes Indian citizenship and legislative membership, with selection via majority support.

Cabinet Ministers of India

Cabinet Ministers of India are the custodians of national laws. Cabinet Ministers are collectively answerable to the members of the Lok Sabha. 

Governors of Indian States

Governors of Indian States and Lieutenant Governors of the Union Territories of India are the constitutional head of each of the 29 states and 7 Union Territories.

Indian Law System

Indian Law System includes legal practices and institutions of India. Indian law refers to the system of law in contemporary India. India maintains a mix legal system with a combination of civil, common law and religious law within the legal structure.

Indian Administrative Service

Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative civil service of the Indian government. One of the three All India Services, the Indian Administrative Service plays a vital role in administrating the Union and the state governments.

Indian Police Service

Indian Police Service or IPS, is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India. The other two services are Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Foreign Service (IFS).

Indian Armed Forces

Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and it has the primary responsibility of conducting land based military operations, in and around India.