Many revolts took place under the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. A few of them were attempted by his ambitious nobles but most of them were either the results of his oppressive policy or because of his failure to keep the state affairs under his control. A few of them succeeded and eventually led to the disintegration of the Empire.
The first revolt was that of Bha- ud- din Gurshasp in 1326 A.D. He was defeated and ultimately captured in 1327 A.D. In 1327-28 A.D. Bahram Aiba alias Kishlu Khan, governor Uch, Sindh and Multan, revolted against the Sultan. He was the guardian of the north-western frontier of the empire. Therefore, rebellion was a serious affair. He was a friend of the late Ghiyas-ud-din and even Sultan Muhammad respected him. But he refused to send his family to the new capital viz., Daultabad and killed the messenger of the Sultan. The Sultan who was in Deccan at that time hurriedly advanced against him. Bahram Aiba fled away but was captured and killed. His head was hung up in the gate of the city as a warning to others.
There was a revolt in Bengal in 1327-1328 A.D. Ghiyas-ud-din Bahadur who was taken to Delhi as captive by the late Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq was released by Muhammad and sent back to Sonargaon to rule jointly with Bahram Khan but he revolted after three years. However, he was defeated and killed by Bahram Khan. After the death of Bahram Khan, the officers in Bengal began to quarrel among themselves. One of the loyal nobles, Ali Mubarak captured Lekhnauti and requested the Sultan to send somebody as governor. But the Sultan neglected his request and eventually Bengal became independent by 1340-41 A.D.
Revolts occurred in Sunam, Samana, Kara, Bidar, Gulbarga and Multan as well. However, the Sultan was successful in suppressing them all. In 1334-35 A.D. Sayyid Ahsan Shah, governor of Malabar, declared himself as an independent ruler. The Sultan marched against him in person, but the news reached him that there was a revolt in Lahore. Therefore, he retraced back and Malabar became an independent kingdom. During the same time the Hindus succeeded in establishing an independent kingdom at Telingana and Kanchi and foundation of the strong kingdom of Vijayanagara was laid down by Harihara and Bukka in 1336 A.D.
In Gujarat, the revolt was led by the foreign nobles. It had resulted in revolts in Malwa, Berar and Daultabad. The first revolt in Gujarat was suppressed by naib vazir. But while the Sultan was in Daultabad, another widespread revolt broke out in Gujarat under Taghi who, probably, commanded the sympathy of the people. The sultan himself marched towards Gujarat to suppress the revolt. The Sultan brought about peace and order in Gujarat and then proceeded towards Sindh to suppress the revolt there.
Thus there were a number of revolts which occurred under the reign of Muhammad Tughlaq. He was successful in suppressing few of them but these rebellions ultimately resulted in the downfall of his vast Empire.
